Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira sp. which can be transmitted from animals to humans or vice versa (zoonosis). Leptospirosis disease was first reported in 1886 by Adolf Weil with symptoms of high heat accompanied some of the symptoms of nerve as well as the enlargement of the liver and spleen.

Leptospirosis is a disease that can be transmitted through the water (water borne disease) Urine (urine) of individuals afflicted by these diseases is the main source of transmission, both in humans and in animals.

Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, both in rural and urban areas, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is especially at risk to people who work outdoors with animals, such as ranchers, farmers, tailors, veterinarians, and military personnel. In addition, Leptospirosis is also at risk to individuals who are exposed to contaminated water. Endemic areas, Leptospirosis incidence peak occurs mainly during the rainy season and flooding.

In Indonesia, most often occurs through transmission of rats on flood conditions. State of the flooding caused a change in the environment such as large puddles, the environment became muddy, muddy, as well as many this heap of trash which causes easy Leptospira bacteria breeding. Rat urine flood carried away then get into the human body through the surface of the skin is injured, the mucous membranes of the eye and nose. So far the rat is a reservoir and at the same time the main spreaders of Leptospirosis due to act as a natural host and has a high reproductive power. Some other animals such as cows, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, dogs can be afflicted by Leptospirosis, but the potential for infecting humans not for rats.

Mortality rate in Indonesia include Leptospirosis, high reach 2.5-16.45 percent. At the age of more than 50 years of the death reached 56 per cent. In some publications reported mortality rate of between 3 percent--54 percent depending upon the infected organ systems

Symptoms Of Leptospirosis

Incubation period of human Leptospirosis in the 2-26 days. Infection of Leptospirosis have manifestations vary widely and often without any symptoms, so that often an error diagnosis

Travel sickness Leptospira consists of 2 phases, namely septisemik phase and phases of the immune. Transitional period for phase 1-3 day conditions with improved. In addition there Weil Syndrome which is a form of infection of Leptospirosis.

Early symptoms are fever, Leptospirosis is severe headache, muscle pain, vomiting, red and red eyes. Various symptoms can mimic symptoms of other diseases such as selesma, so complicate diagnosis. In fact there are people with no symptoms got all.

There are people with Leptospirosis which further got severe disease, including diseases of the kidney failure, Weil jaundice (menguningnya skin that indicates liver disease) and bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes. Swelling of the brain membrane or Meningitis and bleeding in the lungs can occur. Most terminally ill patients require hospitalization and severe Leptospirosis sometimes even claimed lives.

Prevention Of Leptospirosis

The work concerns the animals:

• Tutupilah cuts and abrasions with waterproof balut.

• Wear protective clothing such as gloves, eye protectors, shields or Terry cloth robes and boots when handling infected animals, especially if there is a possibility of touching the water art.

• Wear Gloves if handling the ari-ari animals, dead fetus inside and be aborted or meat.

• Mandilah after work and wash and dry your hands after handling anything that might be affected.

• Do not eat or smoke while handling infected animals. Wash and dry your hands before eating or smoking.

• Follow prompts veterinarians that give the vaccine to the animals.

For the others:

• Hindarkanlah swim in the water may be polluted with animal urine.

• Tutupilah cuts and abrasions with waterproof balut especially before contact with the soil, mud or water may be polluted animal urine.

• Wear shoes when out especially if the soil is wet or muddy.

• Wear Gloves when gardening.

• Halaulah animal pengerikit with how to clean and remove junk and food from the housing.

• Do not give dogs innards raw.

• Wash your hands with SOAP because germs quickly dies by Leptospira, SOAP and if hand exterminator germ dry.